Market and planning processes are fundamentally different, but mutually dependent. Integration of both processes into regulatory oversight of utility resource planning presents an abundance of alternatives: utility DSM programs and DSM bidding, competitive bidding for private power supplies and new utility construction. These approaches differ in their reliance on market versus planning processes, but there been little focused study of this fundamental tradeoff in utility resource planning. In PWP-004, Kahn describes and critiques the approaches that have been adopted de facto in California, New York, Florida, and other states. He analyzes whether bidding should be used to resolve all allocation questions, the role of uncertainty in choosing among DSM programs, as well as the role of the utility as the supplier of last resort.